• © 2014 by American Society of Clinical Oncology

Pain in Cancer Survivors

1. Paul A. Glare⇑, 
2. Pamela S. Davies, 
3. Esmé Finlay, 
4. Amitabh Gulati,
5. Dawn Lemanne, 
6. Natalie Moryl, 
7. Kevin C. Oeffinger, 
8. Judith A. Paice,
9. Michael D. Stubblefield and 
10. Karen L. Syrjala

+Author Affiliations

1. Paul A. Glare, Amitabh Gulati, Dawn Lemanne, Natalie Moryl, Kevin C. Oeffinger, and Michael D. Stubblefield, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; Pamela S. Davies, Esmé Findlay, Judith A. Paice, and Karen L. Syrjala, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Pamela S. Davies, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, University of Washington; Karen L. Syrjala, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Esmé Finlay, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM; and Judith A. Paice, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.

1. Corresponding author: Paul A. Glare, MBBS, FRACP, FACP, Pain and Palliative Care Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; e-mail:glarep@mskcc.org.

Abstract

Pain is a common problem in cancer survivors, especially in the first few years after treatment. In the longer term, approximately 5% to 10% of survivors have chronic severe pain that interferes with functioning. The prevalence is much higher in certain subpopulations, such as breast cancer survivors. All cancer treatment modalities have the potential to cause pain. Currently, the approach to managing pain in cancer survivors is similar to that for chronic cancer-related pain, pharmacotherapy being the principal treatment modality. Although it may be appropriate to continue strong opioids in survivors with moderate to severe pain, most pain problems in cancer survivors will not require them. Moreover, because more than 40% of cancer survivors now live longer than 10 years, there is growing concern about the long-term adverse effects of opioids and the risks of misuse, abuse, and overdose in the nonpatient population. As with chronic nonmalignant pain, multimodal interventions that incorporate nonpharmacologic therapies should be part of the treatment strategy forpain in cancer survivors, prescribed with the aim of restoring functionality, not just providing comfort. For patients with complex pain issues, multidisciplinary programs should be used, if available. New or worsening pain in a cancer survivor must be evaluated to determine whether the cause is recurrent disease or a second malignancy. This article focuses on patients with a history of cancer who are beyond the acute diagnosis and treatment phase and on common treatment-related painetiologies. The benefits and harms of the various pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic options for pain management in this setting are reviewed.