End-stage liver disease: challenges and practice implications.
Nurs Clin North Am. 2010 Sep;45(3):411-26.
Source
School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, SN 6S, 3455 South West US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA. hansenli@ohsu.eduAbstract
As
the seventh leading cause of death among people aged 25 to 64 years,
end-stage liver disease (ESLD) affects many Americans in the most
productive years of their lives.
Despite the increasing number of individuals who are dying of ESLD, little is documented about their end of life challenges as the disease progresses.
The purpose of this article is to highlight specific challenges for people with ESLD, their families, and their implications for health care providers: ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatic encephalopathy, malnutrition, altered drug metabolism, renal insufficiency and hyponatremia, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pain. The authors also present a case study to illustrate disease progression and difficulties facing patients, family members, and providers.
Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Despite the increasing number of individuals who are dying of ESLD, little is documented about their end of life challenges as the disease progresses.
The purpose of this article is to highlight specific challenges for people with ESLD, their families, and their implications for health care providers: ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatic encephalopathy, malnutrition, altered drug metabolism, renal insufficiency and hyponatremia, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pain. The authors also present a case study to illustrate disease progression and difficulties facing patients, family members, and providers.
Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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